In the field of sociology, socialisation refers to the process through which individuals acquire the knowledge, values, and behaviors that are necessary for them to function effectively within a particular society. It is a lifelong process that begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. Primary socialisation occurs during early childhood within the family, while secondary socialisation takes place outside of the family unit.
Secondary socialisation refers to the process of learning and internalizing social norms, values, and expectations that are specific to a particular social group or institution. It occurs outside of the family, typically in educational institutions, peer groups, the workplace, and other social settings. This form of socialisation is crucial in shaping an individual’s identity and their ability to interact with others in society.
The Importance of Secondary Socialisation
Secondary socialisation plays a significant role in the development of individuals as they navigate through different social contexts. It helps individuals to acquire the necessary skills and knowledge to function effectively within various social institutions and groups. Through secondary socialisation, individuals learn how to interact with authority figures, peers, colleagues, and other members of society.
One of the primary functions of secondary socialisation is to prepare individuals for their future roles and responsibilities in society. For example, educational institutions provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to pursue careers and contribute to the workforce. They also teach social norms, values, and expectations that are essential for successful integration into society.
Secondary socialisation also helps individuals develop a sense of belonging and identity within different social groups. Peer groups, for instance, play a crucial role in shaping an individual’s values, attitudes, and behaviors. They provide opportunities for social interaction, the formation of friendships, and the development of social skills.
Agents of Secondary Socialisation
There are various agents of secondary socialisation that contribute to the process of acquiring social norms and values. These agents include:
Educational Institutions:
Educational institutions, such as schools and colleges, play a central role in secondary socialisation. They provide formal education and help individuals acquire knowledge, skills, and values that are necessary for their personal and professional development. Educational institutions also socialise individuals into the broader society by teaching them the cultural norms and values of their society.
Peer Groups:
Peer groups, consisting of individuals of similar age and social status, have a significant influence on secondary socialisation. They provide a platform for social interaction, where individuals learn to navigate social dynamics, develop friendships, and establish their identities. Peer groups can shape an individual’s attitudes, values, and behaviors, often leading to conformity or rebellion.
Mass Media:
The mass media, including television, radio, newspapers, and the internet, also play a crucial role in secondary socialisation. They provide individuals with information, ideas, and cultural values that shape their understanding of the world. Media influences individuals’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors, and can contribute to the formation of social identities.
Workplace:
The workplace is another important agent of secondary socialisation. It provides individuals with opportunities to learn new skills, adapt to organizational structures, and develop professional identities. The workplace also exposes individuals to the norms, values, and expectations of the working environment, shaping their behavior and attitudes towards work.
Conclusion
Secondary socialisation is a vital aspect of the sociological understanding of how individuals acquire social norms, values, and behaviors. It occurs outside of the family unit and is facilitated by various agents such as educational institutions, peer groups, the mass media, and the workplace. Through secondary socialisation, individuals develop the necessary skills, knowledge, and identities to function effectively within different social contexts. Understanding the process of secondary socialisation provides valuable insights into how societies shape individuals and how individuals navigate social structures.
