Table of Contents

• Origins and Development of Evidence-Based Policing
• Principles of Evidence-Based Policing
• Implementation of Evidence-Based Policing
• Case Studies and Examples
• Impact of Evidence-Based Policing
• Future Directions and Considerations
• Conclusion

Evidence-based policing (EBP) represents a paradigm shift in law enforcement, emphasizing the use of empirical research and data analysis to guide police practices and policies. This approach mirrors the broader evidence-based practice movement in fields such as medicine and education. By grounding policing strategies in scientifically validated evidence, EBP aims to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement activities, thereby enhancing public safety and trust in the police.

Origins and Development of Evidence-Based Policing

The Conceptual Foundation

The roots of evidence-based policing can be traced back to the late 20th century, drawing inspiration from evidence-based medicine. The pioneering work of Lawrence Sherman, particularly his 1998 lecture to the Police Foundation, formalized the concept. Sherman argued for a policing model driven by rigorous research, where strategies and tactics are continuously tested and refined based on their outcomes.

Key Milestones

Several key milestones have shaped the development of EBP:

1. Sherman’s 1998 Lecture: This event is often cited as the formal inception of EBP. Sherman advocated for police practices to be grounded in scientific research, similar to practices in other professional fields.
2. The Campbell Collaboration: Established in 2000, this organization promotes evidence-based practice across social sciences, including criminology. It provides systematic reviews of research studies, aiding in the dissemination of reliable evidence.
3. The Crime and Justice Group: Part of the Campbell Collaboration, this group specifically focuses on compiling and assessing evidence on crime and justice issues, providing a crucial resource for EBP.

Principles of Evidence-Based Policing

Utilizing Empirical Research

At the core of EBP is the reliance on empirical research to inform decision-making. This involves:

• Data Collection: Gathering extensive data on crime patterns, police activities, and community feedback.
• Scientific Methods: Employing rigorous methodologies, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to evaluate the effectiveness of policing strategies.
• Continuous Evaluation: Regularly assessing and updating practices based on the latest evidence, ensuring adaptability and responsiveness.

Problem-Oriented Policing