Industrial integration refers to the process by which economic sectors, production processes, and labor systems become increasingly interconnected and interdependent within and across industries. This concept encompasses a wide range of sociological phenomena including labor relations, organizational structures, technological coordination,…
In contemporary society, motivation has become one of the most perplexing and widely discussed psychological and sociological issues. Despite living in an era that celebrates self-fulfilment, ambition, and productivity, individuals across social strata increasingly report feelings of exhaustion, apathy, and…
Introduction Work is a central axis of modern social life. Whether paid or unpaid, formal or informal, productive activity occupies a significant portion of our lives and plays a key role in shaping identities, relationships, and life chances. Sociologists have…
Introduction The concept of a post-industrial society has garnered significant attention within sociological discourse. It signals a profound shift from traditional manufacturing-based economies to those centered on information, services, and advanced technologies. This transition has far-reaching implications for social structures,…
Introduction to the External Labour Market The concept of the external labour market refers to the broader marketplace where employers search for potential workers, and individuals seek employment opportunities outside their current organization. Unlike internal labour markets, where promotions and…
Internal labour markets (ILMs) are an essential concept in understanding how employment relationships are structured within organizations. These systems govern hiring, promotion, and compensation practices, offering insights into how work environments are organized and how employees navigate their careers. For…
The tertiary sector, often referred to as the service sector, plays a pivotal role in modern economies. Unlike the primary and secondary sectors, which focus on the extraction and production of goods, the tertiary sector is concerned with providing services…
Occupational prestige is a crucial concept in sociology, as it helps explain how societies rank and categorize different jobs based on their perceived value, status, and importance. While income and education are often the most visible indicators of socioeconomic status,…
In sociology, “occupation” refers to the work role that an individual undertakes in exchange for economic compensation, contributing to the social, economic, and political fabric of society. It involves not only the tasks and responsibilities associated with particular jobs but…
In the contemporary era, the concept of the working class has undergone significant transformations. The traditional image of the working class, characterized by industrial labor and blue-collar jobs, no longer captures the complexity and diversity of today’s labor market. This…
