Introduction Mercantile capitalism, also referred to as mercantilism, constitutes a pivotal formative stage in the long historical trajectory of capitalist economies. Emerging predominantly between the 15th and 18th centuries, this mode of economic organization was characterized by a complex interplay…
Introduction Modernism is one of the most significant cultural and intellectual movements of the modern era, encompassing transformations in literature, art, architecture, philosophy, and even everyday consciousness. But to understand modernism sociologically, we must first locate it within its historical,…
Introduction to Multi-Level Modelling Multi-level models, also known as hierarchical linear models or mixed-effects models, are statistical tools used to analyse data that is structured at more than one level. In sociology, we often deal with nested data structures: students…
Introduction Natural law is a foundational concept that bridges philosophy, law, and sociology. Though often associated with jurisprudence and legal theory, natural law is deeply sociological in its implications, assumptions, and functions. It refers to a body of unchanging moral…
Introduction Work is a central axis of modern social life. Whether paid or unpaid, formal or informal, productive activity occupies a significant portion of our lives and plays a key role in shaping identities, relationships, and life chances. Sociologists have…
Introduction Game design has matured from an artisanal craft practiced by garage coders to a multibillion‑dollar cultural industry that shapes how millions spend their leisure, forge identities, and interpret social life. While sociologists have interrogated cinema, television, and literature for…
Introduction In contemporary society, video games have emerged as one of the most significant forms of cultural production and consumption. No longer confined to niche subcultures, they have become a mainstream entertainment industry that rivals — and often surpasses —…
