Introduction: Gaming Meets the Streaming Revolution Video-game streaming has moved from niche hobby to cultural powerhouse in just over a decade. Platforms such as Twitch, YouTube Gaming, and Facebook Gaming now sit at the heart of contemporary leisure, commanding audiences…
Introduction: Why Study Manufacturing? Manufacturing, often perceived as a purely economic or technical process, is deeply embedded in the social fabric of modern societies. It is not merely about producing goods; it is about organizing labor, embedding cultural values, reinforcing…
Introduction Mass communication refers to the process through which information is transmitted to large and dispersed populations via various forms of media. These include newspapers, television, radio, film, and digital platforms such as social media, podcasts, streaming services, and websites.…
Introduction The modern workplace is increasingly shaped by processes that prioritize efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control. These characteristics are central to the concept of “McDonaldization,” a term coined by sociologist George Ritzer to describe the growing influence of fast-food principles…
Introduction Mercantile capitalism, also referred to as mercantilism, constitutes a pivotal formative stage in the long historical trajectory of capitalist economies. Emerging predominantly between the 15th and 18th centuries, this mode of economic organization was characterized by a complex interplay…
Introduction Modernism is one of the most significant cultural and intellectual movements of the modern era, encompassing transformations in literature, art, architecture, philosophy, and even everyday consciousness. But to understand modernism sociologically, we must first locate it within its historical,…
Introduction to Multi-Level Modelling Multi-level models, also known as hierarchical linear models or mixed-effects models, are statistical tools used to analyse data that is structured at more than one level. In sociology, we often deal with nested data structures: students…
