Welfare systems are designed to provide security and support to individuals and families in times of need. They address unemployment, poverty, illness, disability, and other vulnerabilities. Yet, alongside their protective function, welfare systems often carry paradoxes. One of the most…
Human societies are shaped by the dynamic interplay of cooperation and competition. Both forces structure social life, guide institutional development, and influence personal interactions. In sociology, cooperation and competition are not merely opposites but complementary processes that operate across economic,…
The study of gangs has traditionally been dominated by criminological and sociological perspectives that focus on crime, deviance, and social control. However, feminist sociology offers a distinctive lens for examining gangs, one that foregrounds issues of gender, power, inequality, and…
Policy research is a key area of sociological and social science inquiry. At its core, policy research refers to the systematic study of policies, their development, implementation, and impact. It draws from a variety of disciplines—sociology, political science, economics, and…
Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist and psychoanalyst born in 1875, remains one of the most influential figures in the development of depth psychology and a foundational thinker whose influence extends beyond the boundaries of psychiatry and psychoanalysis. His theoretical…
Alfred Louis Kroeber stands as a towering figure in the development of American anthropology and the sociological study of culture. As one of Franz Boas’s most distinguished students, Kroeber was instrumental in shaping the discipline of cultural anthropology in the…
Thomas Robert Malthus (1766–1834) was a pivotal figure in the development of modern social thought and remains a foundational presence in the fields of sociology, political economy, demography, and environmental studies. While often characterized through his grim predictions about population…
