Introduction Positivist criminology stands as a cornerstone in the discipline of criminology, emphasizing the application of scientific methods to investigate the origins and nature of criminal behavior. Originating in the late nineteenth century, this approach marked a departure from earlier…
Introduction Poverty stands as one of the most enduring social problems worldwide, fundamentally shaping how individuals and societies function. From a sociological viewpoint, poverty is not merely a matter of lacking financial resources; it is deeply intertwined with structural forces,…
Introduction Trade tariffs, as instruments of economic policy, have historically served a variety of political, strategic, and economic purposes. Governments impose tariffs on imported goods or services to either protect domestic industries or to generate revenue. Over the centuries, the…
Introduction to Urban Ecology Urban ecology is a subfield of sociology and environmental studies that examines the relationships between human populations and their urban environments. It explores how social structures, economic factors, political systems, and environmental processes interact within cities.…
Introduction Urban agglomeration is a defining feature of modern urbanization, encapsulating the concentration of economic, social, and infrastructural elements in a specific geographic region. As cities expand, they attract industries, labor forces, and cultural activities, fostering both economic growth and…
Typification is a fundamental concept in sociology that helps us understand how individuals and societies categorize and make sense of the world. Rooted in the phenomenological tradition, typification explains how human beings use habitual patterns to interpret reality, interact with…
Neo-Darwinism is a term often used to describe the modern synthesis of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution and the principles of genetics discovered by Gregor Mendel. It is a foundational concept in evolutionary biology but has far-reaching implications in the…
