Primary groups are a fundamental concept in sociology, signifying the closest and most personal connections individuals form within society. They represent a source of emotional support, deep-rooted identity, and consistent social interaction that shapes people’s behaviors, perspectives, and worldviews. These…
Introduction Federalism refers to a political structure in which power is constitutionally divided between a central governing authority and subnational units, such as states or provinces. While it may initially appear to be purely a concern of political scientists or…
Folk music stands at the intersection of culture, history, and social structure, functioning as a living archive through which communities narrate their origins, negotiate identities, and articulate visions of the future. From the polyphonic chants of the Georgian mountains to…
The boundary between the private and the public spheres has long been a subject of both philosophical inquiry and sociological debate. From the personal environments in which intimate relationships unfold, to the broader stage of society where collective politics and…
Introduction Pluralism is a sociological concept that addresses the coexistence of diverse groups, cultures, and social entities within a single society. Although generally associated with the realms of politics and religion, pluralism extends beyond these spheres to underscore how multiplicity…
Opening Perspectives: Why Study the Sociology of Knowledge? The sociology of knowledge investigates how social relations, cultural horizons, and institutional power shape what societies recognise as truth. From the calculus embedded in smartphones to everyday “common sense,” knowledge never floats…
Introduction Melanie Klein stands as a pivotal figure in the development of psychoanalytic theory, particularly in its extension into childhood development and the inner workings of the unconscious. Her work transformed Freudian psychoanalysis by emphasizing early mental life and the…
