Introduction The concept of social distancing gained international prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic, becoming a central mechanism in efforts to curb the spread of the virus. However, from a sociological perspective, social distancing is not merely a public health protocol.…
Introduction Social accountability is a cornerstone of modern social organization, encompassing the processes through which individuals, institutions, and societies are held accountable for their actions in relation to communal norms, expectations, and ethical frameworks. In sociology, social accountability is not…
Introduction Social sanctions are fundamental mechanisms through which societies regulate behavior, enforce norms, and maintain order. These mechanisms operate both formally and informally, shaping the behavior of individuals by rewarding conformity and punishing deviance. They are pivotal not only for…
Introduction Social democracy represents one of the most influential and enduring ideological traditions within contemporary politics, particularly across advanced Western democracies. With intellectual and political roots in both Marxist theory and liberal democratic thought, social democratic politics aim to balance…
Introduction In contemporary sociological analysis, the intersection of language, power, and meaning represents a critical site of inquiry. One increasingly significant phenomenon within this domain is what may be termed “semantic reduction”: the systematic process by which complex social, cultural,…
Introduction Social exclusion has emerged as a critical theme in contemporary sociological discourse, offering valuable insights into the mechanisms through which individuals and groups are systematically marginalized and denied full participation in social, economic, and political life. As societies become…
Introduction Reproductive labour, a cornerstone concept in feminist and Marxist sociology, refers to the labor involved in sustaining and reproducing the workforce. It includes the daily and generational renewal of human beings through caregiving, domestic work, emotional labor, and child-rearing.…
